The ruby is the birthstone for July, and has a rich and fascinating history as a gemstone. Rubies are a variety of the mineral corundum, and get their red colour from the presence of chromium in their crystal structure.
Rubies have been prized for their beauty and rarity since ancient times, and were particularly valued by the Hindus, who believed that the gemstone had many mystical and healing properties. In Sanskrit, the ruby was called "ratnaraj," which means "king of precious stones."
In addition to their beauty, rubies were believed to have many powerful properties. They were thought to protect the wearer from harm, and were often used as talismans for good luck and protection. Rubies were also believed to have healing properties, and were used to treat a wide range of ailments, including blood disorders, fevers, and infections.
Rubies were also highly prized in Europe during the Middle Ages, where they were used to decorate the crowns and robes of royalty. The gemstone was considered to be a symbol of power and wealth, and was often used to signify the authority of rulers.
Today, rubies are still highly prized for their beauty and rarity, and are often used in fine jewellery such as rings, necklaces, wine charms and earrings. They are considered to be a symbol of love, passion, and energy, and are often given as a gift to mark special occasions such as anniversaries and birthdays.